The Missing Middle was developed by Nik Vandewyngaerde as a thesis project for the 2016–2017 academic year at the Faculty of Architecture at KU Leuven.

Toronto’s post-war suburbanisation has led to a car-centred urban environment, characterised by two extremes of density: monofunctional high-rise blocks and unsustainable detached houses. The term ‘The Missing Middle’ refers to the absence of an intermediate scale in Toronto, a scale that could be key to revitalising the underdeveloped avenues.